In order to identify the correlations and relationships between different traits in the bread wheat, 30 genotypes were investigated as sub-factors under the split plot experiment in the completely randomized design in greenhouse and the randomized complete block design in the field with three replications under the normal irrigation and post-anthesis water stress conditions. The results of the canonical correlation analysis showed that at both normal and moisture stress levels, there was a significant correlation between the pair of canonical variables obtained from the phenological traits and the yield components. Under the normal conditions in the greenhouse, to increase the spike density and length, the number of days to 50% flowering can be considered as a suitable selection criterion. According to the results of canonical correlation analysis, under the stressed conditions in greenhouse, to increase the spike length, the number of days to the heading, maturity and 50% of flowering were among the important and effective factors. Under the optimum irrigation conditions in the field, the number of days to maturity was considered as one of the factors influencing the seed weight per spike. The results of canonical correlation analysis under the field stress conditions showed that to increase the 1000-seed weight, the number of days to maturity can be considered an appropriate selection criterion.

Normal mode initialization algorithms of first and second order accuracy are formulated for a regional barotropic model. The initialization algorithms are implemented on the actual data of 500hPa level in different spatial resolutions using a potential enstrophy conserving Eulerian scheme due to Sadourney for time integration. If the linearized Potential vorticity qℓ which is left unchanged during the normal mode initializations, is constructed based on the initial geopotential height Z only, and if the geostrophic wind associated with Z is used to define the boundary conditions needed to solve the modified Helmholtz equations involved, then the initialization algorithm will exhibit an undesirable sensitivity to spatial resolution. This sensitivity reflects different behavior of small and large scales as regards balance. But if qℓ is constructed based on the distribution of both Z and relative vorticity ζ of the initial wind field, and if the geostrophic wind associated with the qℓ thus constructed is used to define the boundary conditions, then consistent results at different spatial resolutions will be obtained, Qualitatively, the results of the first and second order 1fIgorithms are indistinguishable. By measuring the time variation of an Euclidean norm for the departure of actual states from their approximately balanced-state counterparts determined by the two initialization algorithms during 48 hours numerical integrations, the superiority of the second-order algorithm is demonstrated, particularly for the first 24 hours of integration.

Background: One of the most important risks in hazardous material handling is transportation accidents that have destroyed effects on environment and safety of the road. Using risk management method could control accident causing factor.Methods: All factors that affect the environmental risks of oil products transportation was specified from storage to end of the path and weighted by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. The final model was then attained using the acquired model on the basis of failure mode and effect analysis (FEMA) and the handling path was evaluated.Findings: The risk value for oil handling tankers at various areas except of two areas that located outside or within the town or with lower control of police is accessible. The reason for risk incensement in these two areas is due to existence of agriculture, residential hoses and high slope path.Conclusion: Transmission of oil storages inside and outside town and precise control of the driver ability by police is essential in reduction of environmental pollution risk of handling the oil products.

In order to study of heritability and gene action of some of quantitative traits of barley in two conditions, normal irrigation and terminal drought, cross was conducted between two genotypes (EM 79-4×1-BC-80628). In this cross EM 79-4 parent was sensitive to drought and the 1-BC-80628 parent was tolerant to drought. The parents with F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 generations produced from crosses were evaluated on field conditions using RCBD with 3 replications. This experiment was carried out in field of cereal breeding unit of Karaj Seed and Plant Improvement Institute during 2005-6 and 2006-7. In this study plant height, spike length, grain yield in plant, weight of 1000 grain, harvest index, days to heading and days to physiological maturity were measured. Results indicated that mean of squares of generations for all the traits were significant therefore generation mean analysis for all traits was conducted. In normal irrigation conditions on heredity control for more traits except harvest index additive, dominance and epistasis effects were role, but in terminal drought conditions in heredity control for all traits additive, dominance and epistasis effects were rolled. The ranges of broad sense heritability on normal condition between 0.34 to 0.63 and narrow sense heritability between 0.25 to 0.53 but in terminal drought condition this ranges for broad and narrow sense heritability respectively between 0.48 to 0.77 and 0.29 to 0.62 were varied. Average numbers of gene in normal and terminal drought conditions were 1 to 7 and 1 to 3 genes respectively.

Introduction: Patent ducfus arteriosus (PDA) is the persistence of a normal fetal structure between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta. Persistence of this fetal structure beyond 10 days of life is considered abnormal. In this study we compared M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of PDA in children at Aliasghar Hospital in Zahedan and Children hospital in Bandar Abbas for one year. methods: We selected 62 patients that were suspicious to have PDA on physical examination. It should be mentioned that we omitted patients with other cgngenital cardiac abnormalities such as truncus arteriosus, ASD, VSD and AZSD. Our patients were below 15years old. Before echocardiography, physical examination, CXR and ECG were done for the patients. Then, they were evluated with both M-Mode and Doppler Echocardiography and finally results were statistically analyzed.Results: Out of 62 patients, 34 were female and 28 were male. 51.6% patients were less than one year old and others were older. 85% of patients had cardiac murmur on physical examination and in 50% of them pulmonary component of second heart sound was increased. Peripheral pounding pulses were present in 85% of patients. In chest X-Ray, 82.3% of patients had increased cardiothoracic ratio and pulmonary vascular markings were increased in 85.5% of them. On ECG, 58.1 % of patients had signs of right and left or bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension was also seen in 51.6% of patients. PDA was diagnosed with M-Mode echocardiography in 56 patients (90.3 %) and with Doppler echocardiography in 61 patients (98.4%). According to McNemar statistical analysis, there was not an obvious difference between these two. methods of echocardiography in PDA diagnosis (p=0.125).Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography for diagnosis of PDA in children are similar and again attention to M-Mode echocardiography can be helpful in diagnosis of PDA in children especially restless infants and neonates.

Elliptical subsurface cracks are one of the probable types of cracks that occur in engineering structures. Due to the non-symmetrical geometry with respect to the crack surface, coupling of the fracture modes occurs in an elliptical subsurface crack and so, the crack under normal loading will experience all fracture modes. Mode III caused by the coupling effect under normal loading is negligible whereas mode II is significant. In this paper, mixed mode two dimensional weight functions of the elliptical subsurface cracks parallel to the surface are derived for aspect ratios of a=0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and ratios of crack depth to crack length of =0.05, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.14, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0. Mixed mode stress intensity factors under uniform normal loading are used as reference stress intensity factors. By curve fitting on the calculated weight functions coefficients, the derived weight functions are able to be used for any α and. To verify the weight functions, the stress intensity factors of all points of the crack front are calculated under linear, elliptic paraboloid and trigonometric paraboloid stress distributions and compared to the finite element results. Comparison of the results shows high accuracy with mean relative error less than 7%. Using derived weight functions, mixed mode stress intensity factors of the subsurface elliptical crack can be determined for any α and  and under any normal stress distributions.  

This paper proposes a new adaptive sliding mode (ASM) decentralized excitation controller to improve the stability of multi-machine power systems under different perturbations such as system’,parametric and structural uncertainties. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed controller is evaluated through simulation on the standard IEEE 33-bus-bar power system which contains 6 synchronous machines and a HVDC-link. The simulation results indicate good robustness and satisfactory performance of the proposed controller. Moreover, in this paper, using the space-phasor based sequence networks method, a procedure for the dynamic analysis of modern power systems under the transient asymmetrical faults is presented. The method considers the complete dynamics of the synchronous machines and the HVDC-link and provides the possibility of taking into account the sequence networks dynamics.

A model of fractional-order of thermoelasticity is applied to study a 2D problem of mode-I crack in a fibrereinforced thermal environment. The crack is under prescribed distributions of heat and pressure. The normal mode analysis is applied to deduce exact formulae for displacements, stresses, and temperature. Variations of field quantities with the axial direction are illustrated graphically. The results regarding the presence and absence of fiber reinforcement and fractional parameters are compared. Some particular cases are also investigated via the generalized thermoelastic theory. The presented results can be applied to design different fibre-reinforced isotropic thermoelastic elements subjected to the thermal load in order to meet special technical requirements.